The impact of cultural differences between US and China on global business

Introduction In the recent past China’s economy has grown at unprecedented rate making it an attractive country for foreign investment. In this context, Yim (n.d) notes that â€Å"†¦the current and potential growth of the Chinese economy means that US and European organizations increasingly want to work with Chinese partner organizations† (p.1). It is significant to note that China is the â€Å"†¦second largest trading partner of the US, after Canada† (Fang n.d, p.1)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The impact of cultural differences between US and China on global business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are several reasons making US businesses expansion into China. China is often seen as a source of cheap labour for both skilled and unskilled labour. This great advantage resonates well with most US firms keen on cutting costs to make competitive products for a global market. Another major advantage is the knowledge base of the Chinese technical personnel that is at par with that of the US. However, despite the great potential of the US-China business relations there are challenges occasioned by cultural differences. Cultural differences between the US and China There are several cultural differences between the US and China. These cultural differences include the respect for hierarchy, the attitude to work and the concept of self among other differences. China and US practice different cultural practices in respect to hierarchy within a business and social life set up. China thrives in a culture where people are expected to know their role and place within a social set up. This extends to the social relations between workers within a business environment. On the other hand, Americans are less conscious of hierarchies in a social set up and tend to be more informal in work places compared to their Chinese counterparts. Most of the Chinese perceptions on social hierarchy are derived from Confucianism, a philosophical view of life developed by Confucius. One major cultural difference occurring due to the Confucianism is the treatment of women. The philosophical attitude of Confucianism is that women should defer to their male counterparts. This contrasts sharply with the American society’s perception towards women which encourages independence and equality. Due to the differing attitude towards women, most American companies are extremely careful when sending women leaders to negotiate business with Chinese or to work in senior positions in China. The attitudes towards work differ in a radical way between the Americans and the Chinese. The Chinese place a premium to maintaining relationship as opposed to accomplishing a given social or business objective. In this context, the Chinese would rather forgo achieving a business objective if the achievement of the same is likely to destroy critical relationships between the involved personnel.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In contrast, Americans place a premium in achieving the given business objective without overly caring on the impact of the same on the social relationship between the involved personnel. This is cemented by phrases such as â€Å"It is nothing personal† and â€Å"It is just business†. Closely related to the attitude towards work is the concept of self as practised between the Americans and the Chinese. The Chinese value team work and achievements in contrast to individual promotion and sense of achievement. In this context, Chinese companies do value team spirit and individual excellence is not overly encouraged. On the other hand, Americans thrive on individual ambitions and excellence which is not only encouraged but also celebrated. Treatment of the four marketing P’s: Product, Price, Promotion and Place The re are differences between the Americans and the Chinese in the context of the four marketing P’s that is product, price, promotion and place. Product The Americans place a premium on intellectual property and are keen on protecting their innovation and technology. Americans do value quality goods and are more conscious to the standards of the goods they produce and purchase. In contrast to the American philosophy towards products, Chinese are more concerned with quantity as compared to quality. Their products are often meant for the mass markets and as such tend to be of lower quality but cheaper prices. The goods are often geared to solving immediate needs as opposed to long term utilization. More often than not their items are imitation of established brands from other countries. Indeed China’s products have been synonymous with low quality but cheap price that is ideal for developing economies. Sometimes the Chinese are prone to infringing on intellectual rights. P rice The differences in attitudes to pricing of goods between the Americans and Chinese can best be described using their consumption habits. Due to the importance of the social relationship in a close knit society, Chinese are prone to spending more on the goods meant to be given out as gifts. Ackerman Tellis (2001) captures the Chinese attitude towards goods in the following manner: In a collectivist culture such as China, the symbolic meanings of public goods are more important than in an individualist culture. Social recognition is more important when social relations are stronger (Schutte, 1998). Social norms of reciprocity in gift giving in China also contribute to the importance of the symbolic meaning of public consumption goods. Status goods and high prices symbolize the importance of the relationship to the giver. (Ackerman Tellis 2001, p.63)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The impact of cultural differences between US and China on global business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to the above attitude towards public consumption goods, prices of the goods used as gifts are likely to be highly priced in China as compared to the US. However, in private consumption Chinese are more price conscious and more selective than their American counterparts. The Chinese are likely to take longer shopping as they examine different brands of a given item before finally making their choice. In this context, goods meant for day to day use are significantly cheaper in China as compared to the US. Promotion Business promotion is often linked to advertising either through print or audio visual media amongst other methods. In contrast to the Americans, Chinese are relatively more reserved and emotionally modest. In the context of business promotion, Americans employ more direct and engaging business promotion techniques especially though audio visual advertising. These business promotion techni ques are likely to promote personal gratification and happiness. On the other hand, Chinese are likely to frown on an outward and direct display of emotions in the process of business promotion. Place The US and the Chinese businesses often have different attitudes in relations to places in which they conduct business. The Americans value personal space and some standard minimum working conditions for their workers. Some of these standard minimum working conditions would include ensuring that workers are housed in reasonable working conditions with proper ventilation and escape routes. In this sense, American businesses are likely to be more spacious and airily. In a contrast, Chinese are into production of goods meant for mass markets which are cheap and often of poor quality. In order to make cheap products, Chinese companies increasingly need to cut on costs and hire cheap labour. In this regard, the cheap labour may be contained in small working places with minimum emergency exi ts and ventilations. In this context, US companies are likely to occupy larger areas for a similar workforce as compared to the Chinese companies. The clash of American and Chinese on ethical issues The Chinese and the Americans clash on various issues that may touch on personal preferences and social norms. However, there are instances in which the two clash on ethical issues that sometimes affect the working business relationship. Two of the ethical issues in which the two countries clash on include protection of intellectual rights and human rights conditions. The Americans value democracy and human rights form core part of their business ethics. These human rights extend to business norms and laws such as lack of discriminations on any grounds and extension of humane working conditions for their employees.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In contrast, the Chinese have relatively little regard for democracy and human rights. In this sense Chinese firms are more often than not accused of having workers in deplorable conditions in their factories. China has also been accused of doing business with failed governments with poor human rights record. The issue of intellectual protection is another area of great cultural clash between the Americans and the Chinese. The Americans are very particular on protecting their innovation and technical know how. However, the Chinese are prone to making imitation of other people’s innovation and in the process making less quality products than the original. In this context, China is renowned for producing substandard goods often infringing of intellectual copyrights. In this context, there has often between lawsuits between some Chinese companies and their American counterparts in relation to copyright infringement especially on cell phone industry. References Ackerman, D Tellis , G. (n.d). Can culture affect prices? A cross-cultural study of  Shopping and retail prices. Web. Fang, G (n.d). U.S./China Differences and Their Impacts on Business Behaviours. Web. Yim, K. (n.d). Bridging US-China cross-cultural differences using internet and groupware technologies. Web. This essay on The impact of cultural differences between US and China on global business was written and submitted by user Cloud 9 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer â€Å"Boys will be boys,† is a quote that best describes Tom Sawyer, in Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Tom is the typical American boy. He is always getting into something. Throughout the novel Tom matures into a young man. Tom was always a mischievous boy but he had a good heart. During a child’s adolescence he can mature from being a menace to a respectable man in society. Tom Sawyer was very immature at the beginning of the novel, but matured throughout his adventures. When Tom was in trouble and had to white wash his Aunt Polly’s fence, he used reverse psychology on his friends to make them want to do his work for him. Tom did not want to do the work, so he found a way to get someone to do it for him. This shows that he is smart, but that he is also very manipulative. Tom had an idol in one of his peers, Huckleberry Finn. Huck did whatever he wanted, whenever he wanted. He did not have to go to school, church or Sunday school if he did not want to. Tom and Huck became very good friends as the novel progressed. One night Tom and Huck decided to go to a graveyard to perform a ritual to get rid of warts, but they received more than they bargained for. The boys witnessed the murder of a young doctor that night. Injun Joe, the half-breed, was the murderer, however, he convinced Muff Potters, the town drunk, that he killed the young doctor. The boys are terrified by Injun Joe, so they made a pact not to say a word, â€Å"Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer swears they will keep mum about this and they wish they may fall down dead in their tracks if they ever tell and rot.† (Twain 70) Although this pact was made, Tom’s good or conscience comes into perspective. Tom cannot bear to let an innocent man hang. Tom breaks the pact with Huck and testifies in court. This shows great strength on Tom’s part. He went against his word, and risked facing Injun Joe. â€Å"When the half-... Free Essays on The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer Free Essays on The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Tom Sawyer â€Å"Boys will be boys,† is a quote that best describes Tom Sawyer, in Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Tom is the typical American boy. He is always getting into something. Throughout the novel Tom matures into a young man. Tom was always a mischievous boy but he had a good heart. During a child’s adolescence he can mature from being a menace to a respectable man in society. Tom Sawyer was very immature at the beginning of the novel, but matured throughout his adventures. When Tom was in trouble and had to white wash his Aunt Polly’s fence, he used reverse psychology on his friends to make them want to do his work for him. Tom did not want to do the work, so he found a way to get someone to do it for him. This shows that he is smart, but that he is also very manipulative. Tom had an idol in one of his peers, Huckleberry Finn. Huck did whatever he wanted, whenever he wanted. He did not have to go to school, church or Sunday school if he did not want to. Tom and Huck became very good friends as the novel progressed. One night Tom and Huck decided to go to a graveyard to perform a ritual to get rid of warts, but they received more than they bargained for. The boys witnessed the murder of a young doctor that night. Injun Joe, the half-breed, was the murderer, however, he convinced Muff Potters, the town drunk, that he killed the young doctor. The boys are terrified by Injun Joe, so they made a pact not to say a word, â€Å"Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer swears they will keep mum about this and they wish they may fall down dead in their tracks if they ever tell and rot.† (Twain 70) Although this pact was made, Tom’s good or conscience comes into perspective. Tom cannot bear to let an innocent man hang. Tom breaks the pact with Huck and testifies in court. This shows great strength on Tom’s part. He went against his word, and risked facing Injun Joe. â€Å"When the half-...

International Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

International Trade - Essay Example When the overall prices for the raw materials decrease, larger scale manufacturing is valued and the merchandize above the local demand line is exported to generate income and get international product exposure Increased demand for foreign products any where can increase exports in that country. Also the accidental surged demand for any product globally also increases exports. For Example; increased demand for face masks when the Swine Flu spread like an epidemic disease. Sudden demand for warm or cooler clothes, technological changes and need for technologically enhanced products also shift the demand curve upward. The increased governmental spending might improve the standard of living in a country. The improved standard of living might not ensure that people will start buying expensive products but they will try to invest money and save by buying good quality products in relatively lesser currency notes Easier and supple terms of trade have also encouraged exports globally. This means that governments and organizations find it easier and cheaper to get into international trade with the neighboring countries because a loathsome burden of the terms of trade is waived off. The slack terms of trades in term of tariffs and quotas, encourage cross border trades and businesses This graph explains the impact of increased/decreased demand and supply of local product and eventually a shift in the demand for foreign products. The same happens in reality as well, when demand for local products increases, the imports (exports for foreign country) also increases in order to attain the equilibrium in the market. When this happens the magnitude of change in exports (from foreign country’s end) is almost double than that of the change in local products or imports. Considering and applying trade liberalization theories, where the perfect